Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Important abnormalities in fat and protein metabolism are also present. Nonetheless, the diagnosis still rests upon demonstrating elevated plasma glucose levels. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus is specifically associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the retina and lens of the eye, the kidneys, and both somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The heart, arterial system, and microcirculation are also adversely affected.
Read moreAn excellent short-term glycemic response to caloric reduction in patients with diabetes mellitus who are even modestly overweight can be expected. On the basis of the degree of obesity and with the help of a dietitian, the patient should be provided with individualized culturally appropriate instructions to reduce intake by at least 250 to 500 calories a day. Such a decrease generally leads to an overall weight loss of 0.5 to 1.0 lb a week.
Read moreExercise is important for everyone, but especially for people living with diabetes. Exercise may help reduce insulin resistance, control blood pressure and blood lipids (fats), control blood glucose levels, reduce stress, increase energy and increase strength and ease of movement.
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